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Newly released wartime records from the Hailar branch of Japan's notorious Unit 731 reveal how the Japanese military disguised biological warfare personnel as conventional infantry troops to conceal secret operations, including human experimentation. Photo: Xinhua

Newly released wartime records from the Hailar branch of Japan's notorious Unit 731. Photo: Xinhua
Newly released wartime records from the Hailar branch of Japan's notorious Unit 731 reveal how the Japanese military disguised biological warfare personnel as conventional infantry troops to conceal secret operations, including human experimentation.
The Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army released on Wednesday a 185-page archive of "personal background declaration" from the Hailar branch of Unit 731, also known as "Manchuria Unit 543". The documents show that the Japanese military concealed its biological warfare operations under the guise of conventional infantry units and shed new light on the Soviet Union's continued efforts after World War II to investigate and prosecute Japanese biological warfare crimes.
Unit 731 was a top-secret biological and chemical warfare research base established as the nerve center for Japanese biological warfare in China and Southeast Asia during WWII. At least 3,000 people were used in human experiments conducted by Unit 731, and more than 300,000 people in China were killed by Japan's biological weapons, according to the Xinhua News Agency.
The Japanese Kwantung Army established five branches of Unit 731 in Northeast China - in Hailar, Sunwu, Mudanjiang, Linkou and Dalian. Located in the northeastern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, near China's borders with Mongolia and the Soviet Union, the Hailar branch served as a frontline base of the Japanese imperialist army for potential biological warfare operations against the Soviet Union.
The newly released 185-page archive contains key information on 156 members of the Hailar branch of Unit 731, including their names, military ranks, dates of enlistment, duties, transfers and postwar whereabouts. Researchers said the documents constitute first-hand official records for studying the branch's personnel structure and operations.
Jin Shicheng, a researcher at the Exhibition Hall, said the study produced two major findings. First, the documents reveal that the Japanese military recruited personnel under the cover of ordinary infantry units to conceal biological warfare activities. Some personnel, for example, were recruited under the names of conventional units such as Manchuria Unit 97, Unit 177 and Unit 201. They were then sent to Unit 731 headquarters for three months of training before being assigned to the Hailar branch. The deceptive recruitment system was intended to conceal the crimes committed by Unit 731, including human experimentation.
Moreover, the archive provides evidence of continued postwar investigations into Japanese biological warfare crimes. Of the 156 personnel listed in the documents, 145 were captured by Soviet forces after the war and detained in the Soviet Union. Four were tried in Khabarovsk between April and September 1950. The researcher said the records show that Soviet investigations and judicial efforts concerning Japanese biological warfare crimes continued after the trial held in 1949.
A photo published by Xinhua showed a record on medic Tanizaki Hitoshi in the

A photo published by Xinhua showed a record on medic Tanizaki Hitoshi in the "personal background declaration" records of Unit 731's Hailar branch. Photo: Xinhua
A photo published by Xinhua showed a record on medic Tanizaki Hitoshi in the "personal background declaration" records of Unit 731's Hailar branch. Tanizaki, originally named Ozaki Hitoshi, is documented in historical records that, together with his oral testimony, form a chain of evidence further substantiating the crimes committed by Unit 731.
Experts said the new revelation of the Hailar branch deepens research into Unit 731 and, together with previously obtained oral testimony from former members, form a broader chain of evidence. The official records exposed the efforts by the Japanese military to disguise their crimes against humanity and provided further evidence of the state-organized system behind Japan's biological warfare program, while adding important material to research on Unit 731 and postwar prosecutions.
Global Times
。任天堂公布了首批 Switch 2 主机套装，这批套装将在主机即将涨价后发售。届时将提供两种选择，购买包含 Mario Kart World 或 Nintendo Switch Sports Resort 的套装可享受折扣。提醒一下，Switch 2 即将在 5 天内上调美国、加拿大、英国和欧洲大陆地区的售价，这意味着在涨价前按首发原价购买的时间已经不多了。

B | 在美国，Switch 2 的价格将上涨 50 美元，达到 499.99 美元。从“9 月下旬”开始，任天堂将再次推出包含首发游戏 Mario Kart World 和三个月 Nintendo Switch Online 会员的 Switch 2 套装。该套装售价为 549.99 美元，任天堂表示这节省了 37.98 美元。接着，从 10 月 22 日起，随着 Nintendo Switch Sports Resort 的发售，第二个套装选项也将上市。包含游戏、主机以及 90 天 Nintendo Switch Online 订阅的套装售价为 529.99 美元。任天堂表示，这节省了 27.98 美元。虽然为潜在的 Switch 2 买家提供省钱的新选择是件好事，但值得强调的是，如果你能在未来几天内买到主机和 Mario Kart World，省下的钱会更多。除此之外，那些正在寻找更别致主机设计的玩家，可能会被本月早些时候在网上流传的《塞尔达传说》40 周年纪念版 Nintendo Switch 2 主机和 Pro 手柄的泄露图所吸引。不过，目前还不知道这些产品的售价。在任天堂的 Zelda: Ocarina of Time remake 于年底前发布之前，我们很可能会很快看到这些产品的官方消息。任天堂最初在 5 月份确认将上调 Switch 2 的价格，确保客户在价格上涨生效前有几个月的预警期。当时，该公司对涨价的必要性表示歉意，并将变动归因于“市场环境”，并表示被迫考虑“全球业务前景”。当然，Switch 2 的涨价只是硬件厂商上调价格的最新案例。